Chapter 23

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

04/15/19

Chapter 23

Capitalism and Culture 

Throughout the 20th century, dense web of political relationships economic transactions, and cultural 

influences increasingly bound the world together. In the 1990s the process of accelerating 

engagement is known as globalization. The pace of globalization increased rapidly and dramatically  

after World War Two. Most commonly globalization refers to international economic transactions 

and it also comes to be seen as inevitable since the 1950. Global economic connections contracted 

significantly in the first half of the 20th century especially between the two world wars.  Many of 

those capitalist winners of World War Two were determined to not let the Great Depression happen 

again. And this lead to the 1944 Bretton Woods (New Hampshire) agreement, during this moment 

technology helped accelerate economic globalization. Now that Bretton Woods agreement that was a 

system of managing funds and money that established the rules for commercial and financial 

relationships between lots of different countries, the United States, Canada, countries in Western 

Europe, Australia and even Japan. In the 1970s there are some major countries that dropped controls 

on economic activities. Increasingly viewed the world as a single market. This approach was known 

as neoliberalism. Favored reduction of tariffs, free global movement capital, mobile workforce, 

privatization of state enterprises, and less government economic regulations and tax and spending 

cuts. Neo-liberalism was imposed on many poor countries to give them loans. 

Chapter 22

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

04/08/19

Chapter 22

The End of Empire 

The focus of the chapter is about Decolonization and this all happens after world war two. Mainly talking about countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, territories that we define today as the global south. The term refers to particularly to the dismantlement, in the years after World War II, of the colonial empires established prior to World War I throughout the world. Nations in India, Southeast Asia and Africa gained independence from imperialist. During this period Trade became more global as technology expanded, markets grew, and corporations became more dominant business organizations. At the same time that a lot of good this have been happen all around the world, there are also some bad things. Ethnic conflicts, genocide and terrorism increased throughout the world. Power is key in this chapter, power was seen who can be a ruler. After World War II Africa and Asia gained independence from European imperialist. The first colony to gain independence was India, in 1947. During World War I, India sent troops to fight with the British against the central Powers in Europe. The British government promised Indians self-rule as reward for participating in WWI. When the war ended and self Rule was not granted, nationalism and demands for independence increased. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as the leader of the Indian Independence movement in the 1920s. Gandhi urged Indians to use non-violent means to achieve their goal. Gandhi's tactics included deliberately breaking unfair/unjust laws. Gandhi encouraged peaceful protest and boycotting British goods in order to hurt the British Colonial economy. In 1935, British granted India limited self-rule but not total independence. But self-rule created tensions between the Hindu majority and the Muslim minority who feared giving power to the Hindus. Also keep in mind that Gandhi was born in a prestigious lifestyle and was a well educated man. When World War II broke out, Britain committed Indian troops to the war with asking India's self-governing assembly. This led to protest and renewal calls for Independence from Britain. When World War II ended in 1945, Britain was in debt and was ready to grant India its independence. But violence between Hindus and Muslims made granting independence difficult.  We move on to the country of African. As an imperial power, Britain conquered much of Africa including Gold Coast. After WWII, Britain allowed Africans in Gold Coast to participate in local self governments. In 1947, Kwame Nkrumah used Gandhi's nonviolent boycotts and strikes to pressure Britain to grant independence. After a decade of struggle, Britain finally granted Gold Coast Independence in 1957 and the Nation was renamed Ghana. 

Chap 21

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

03/31/19

Chapter 21

The Rise and Fall of World Communism

1917-present

To start of with the face of communism in Russia, is going to be a poster of Vladimir Lenin the

Bolshevik leader of the Russian Revolution. This man became the iconic symbol of world

communism in his own country and everywhere else. The poster reads as Lenin live, Lenin Lives,

Lenin will live. Looking  at the timeline on page 931, we see that Global Communism begins in

1917 in the Russian Revolution. Karl's Marx philosophy of communism continues to influence

people until the years 1970s. The Bolsheviks were a Socialist Party who were determined and were

governed by Vladimir Lenin. He expected that the rest of the European countries be quick to follow

there steps. This would me that Russia would be seen as a shinning light in social change. His

message was simple during the year of 1917, Peace, Bread and Land. They later on decide to change

their names from the Bolsheviks to the Communist Revolution. On page 936, we see a poster

representing propaganda from thr Russian Civil War through the Bolshevik's eyes. The poster was

made ion 1921, titled as "Electrification and Counter-Revolution." This image presents a communist

view of the civil war that followed the Russian Revolution. Its shows a worker bring electricity. also

as a symbolic symbol of modern times in progress. Communism was so well known that even China

was involved in 1949. In China the ideas of Karl Marx's wasn't well known until the early 20th

century. In 1921 there was a small communist party known as the CCP, it was founded with the

initial aims of organizing the country. This small party grew over the next 28 years, with only having

60 people, grew in the large political party  Their political leader was young and his name was Moa

Zedong. In 1949 they won victoriously again Japan, and were known as the rullers of china.

Jewish Virtual

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

03/8/19

World History 2

The Holocaust & Nuremburg Laws

The Holocaust began on 1933to 1945, the people it involved were the Jews and the Nazi's. The 

Greek word holokauston means sacrifice by fire. Nazi's persecuted the Jews and planned to slaughter 

them until death was upon them. Over 30 million Jewish people died during this malevolent and 

depressing event. Innocent people and innocent children were involved, over 1 million children died 

do to this crucial event. The worst part of Hitler was his false propaganda and false advertisement to 

his own people letting them know that the Jews were being treated respectfully and as normal human 

beings. Their soldiers and their community knew nothing about the cruel conditions and deaths that 

the Jews had to go through. Lies upon lies were made which makes it an unforgettable history. Hitler 

himself was an intelligent man who had planned this for awhile and it unfortunately executed very 

well. The Nuremberg Laws were issued on September 15, 1935, basically designed to exclude Jews 

from public life. The Nuremburg Laws without hesitation took away German Jew citizenship 

immediately, prohibited marriages and other things. Nazi's entered a lot of anti-Jewish laws such as, 

banning them from public parks, civil jobs, and were force to give their property back. A second law 

was announced on September 15, which was made by Nazi desire that to ensure the only existence of 

a "pure" German Nation in other words, "German-related Blood." 

Chap 20

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

03/18/19

Chapter 20

Collapse at the Center: World War, Depression and

 the rebalancing of Global Power (1914-1970s)

The last veterans of WW1 have died and World War 1 was a massive disappointment because it 

wasn't the "war to end all wars." Now the European states have ended centuries of hostility which 

were all leading up to World War. The "Great War," which World War 1 is known as, in 1914 and 

1918 launched a completely new phase of world history. Between 1914 the end of World War Two 

Western Europe self destructed. Europe though recovered quickly surprisingly in the last half of the 

twentieth century. Europe did it without the position of the core of Western Civilization. Italy and 

Germany unified around the year 1870. By the 1900 the balance of power in Europe was shaped by 

two rival alliances. Triple Alliance which were Germany, Austria, and Italy. Triple Entente were 

Russia, France, and Britain. These Alliances created an incident that turned into an assassination into 

to become know was a World War. That was June 28, 1914 as a Serbian Nationalist assassinated 

Archduke Franz Ferdinand his name was Gavrilo Princip. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to 

he Austro-Hungarian throne. Because of this war broke out on August 1914. Most expected that 

WW1 was going to be a quick war but unfortunately four long nasty years. Germany was finally 

defeated in November of 1918 which was a trench warfare. The trench warfare became war of 

weakening. Propaganda was happening everywhere. Women replaced men in factories and labor 

unions even had to accept sacrifices. Increase of new technology on weapons and different ways to 

kill men changed a countries population. Women also got the right to vote during this time. 

Chap 19

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

03/18/19

Chapter 19

Empires in Collison

In this chapter it will be talking about three different societies who come into direct conflict and the 

different way they respond to these challenges. I will first start off with China, in 1750 China was 

still global superpower that dominated world trade. IN 1793, Emperor Chen long made a fateful 

decision to deny Britain's request to loosen the trade of restrictions. This is now as the century of 

humiliation. China's economic success and the increasing agricultural output from new world crops, 

China's population went from 100 million in 1685 to 430 million in 1853. With this amount of 

people living in China, unemployment happened, poverty and social ill began to grow. Which means 

that their were riots with in their community. Next the Ottoman Empire, by the 1900's the empire 

was known as "THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE." Around the 19th century the Ottoman Empire was 

the great power of the Islamic World. Series of military successes against Europe it was seen as the 

great defender of Islam. After the French invasion in Egypt in 1798, various of European powers 

began to hand off more territory. China and the Ottoman Empire had several similarities. Both 

pursued a defensive modernization neither achieved a complete industrial transformation. Both 

societies saw the spread of nationalism as a motivating ideology. One big difference between these 

empires, China always in a revolution until a communist victory in 1949, which brought more chaos 

in 1958 to 1976. Japan also faced challenges, unlike the other two, Japan's modernization was largely 

successful. The Tokugawa system established two in a half centuries of peace.  (250 years of peace 

and prosperity) INcrease urbanization within Tokyo reaching 1 million. With their successes, there 

also had o be some conflicts. There was a lot of tensions between the Samurai and the Merchants. 

Samurai's were known as elites, held a high status but had not wealth. On the other hand merchants 

were very wealthy and often loan money.  Also there was many social instability in the nation. 

Chapter 18

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

03/13/19

Chapter 18

The British and other European economies began to demand supplies for industrial production 

specific materials such as metals, oils, cotton, and rubber from the tropical world. Their growing 

populations also required new sources of food. Nationalism in Europe was rising and the average 

citizen felt they had pride for there nation all suddenly. They hated when Europe had lost some 

property from their enemies but also loved it when Europe gain more land/territory. Technological 

advances in Europe were very great for its Empire. With the technological advancement, this also 

came into new Imperial expansions possible. Faster steam ships, better guns/armor and better global 

communication networks gave Europeans a marked tactical advantage against other societies. After 

this there was an event that happen which is called the second wave of Europe. New nations were in 

this second wave which were Germany, Belgium, Italy and non-European nations join such as 

United States and Japan. These nations joined the competition to annex lands in Asia, Africa and 

Oceania. Military power was also and important moment during this second wave of European 

conquest. The Europeans I could say enjoyed this moment because they were advancing 

technological wise. Advance advantage such as the maximum machine gun against Africans and 

Asians. In Africa there was intense rivalries and competition. European powers clamed territories 

before invading. Unable to understand the European decision most African Kingdoms were 

overwhelmed. In Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands were known as isolated 

populations. They were invaded by white settlers from Europe and America who brought guns and 

germs/diseases. After a few years the indigenous people who lived in these lands in the beginning 

were the lands owners, after the take over they were immediately the minorities of their own 

homeland.

Chapter 17

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

02/25/19

Chapter 17

The Industrial Revolution had some pros and cons during its time. Some environmental

consequences of Industrialization were largely negative the extraction of natural resources

permanently changed the landscape. On the other hand as a consequences of industrialization was so

powerful that it would transform entire societies in Western Europe, the United States, Russia and

eventually the entire world but some were negative. The Western Europe had unique advantages that

later were seen as the top leader of the Industrial Revolution. China had the most impressive

technology at the time. Europe and other countries were constantly searching new and secure sources

of state revenue. Europe also had another advantage which was that they were involved in global

trade networks. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain. Spain also had a large colonial empire

and was very late to Industrial. Britain scientists were much more focused with the need of the

engineers. The British aristocracy continued to be the elite in the industrial societies. Urbanization

was  quickly moving. Those that benefitted most from the industrial revolution were in the relatively

newly formed middle classes. Middle class involved a lot of small businesses. Working in the labor

class were people who suffered a lot, 77% of Britain's people were in this class. Working situations

were very unsafe and not healthy a person to work. Social protest began to happen. Karl Marx who

was German that he argued that capitalism was going to fall in a time where worldwide workers

were revolting.  Marx's ideas did inspire workers that did labor strikes which happen in the year of

1910-1913.

Echoes Through End

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

02/12/19

Chapter 16 (Echoes through end)

The impact that the Atlantic Revolution was felt throughout the Western and Eastern Europe. 

Irregular revolts began to happen, expressing ideas of republicanism, greater social equality and 

liberation from foreign rule. But the Atlantic Revolution made a huge long term impact and it was 

much more global in nature. A long term effects is the abolition of slavery. The practice began from 

civilization  by the end of the 19th century. There was many different forces against slavery. 

Enlightenment thinkers whose ideas inspire the Atlantic Revolutions in the first place became 

increasingly more critical of slavery. Focusing on the slaves lack of liberty and equality. Then came 

in the protestant evangelicals who were daily activist and began the abolitionist movement of 

slavery. The movement began in US and England out of being devoted to the opposition of slavery. 

They publicized the evils of slavery and published memoirs by former slaves. They wanted to let 

people know the truth behind slavery. Not all of this situation was bad, there was also some good to 

it. The British led the way to tear down by abolishing the slave trade in 1807 and emancipating all 

their slaves in their empire in 1834. Latin American countries followed their way, and Russia 

emancipated the slavery in 1861. The resistance to abolition in some slave trading and owning 

societies no more so than in the Southern States in the US. The United States stands out as the only 

Nation, only Nation that had to fight a brutal and destructive Civil War from 1861 to 1865 to end 

slavery. Almost, but there were no changes to social or political emancipation. Jim Crow laws and 

public lynching were used as a way to keep black sharecroppers in check. Not only this new idea 

play an affect on countries but also the idea of a Nation. The revolutionary idea of sovereignty that 

political power rests in the hands of the people and not in the hands of the Kings, Queens, or 

Emperor. Nationalism required defining who was part of a nation and who was outside of the nation. 

Chap 16

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

02/10/19

Chapter 16

In intro to part five it mainly speaks about a new form of human society taking place in the world,

commonly known as "modern." It all started with scientific research/data, French, and Industrial

Revolutions that was based in Western Europe. These societies had huge ideas, that guided on how

our human behavior has evolved and change. For example the movement of social equality, end of

poverty, and that the average human being may participate in a political lifestyle. Also the belief that

nations might win over empires, or women becoming equal as men or that even a possibility of

slavery will not be needed. A whole lot of ideas became a new movement for what is right or wrong.

In Strayers Chapter 16 known as "European Moment," talks about new trends, and looks at the

Atlantic Revolutions as a global view and what affects it has in the world. The Atlantic Revolutions

were more regional in nature from local grievances and demands. Another feature of the Atlantic

Revolutions can be seen in the fact that many revolutionary leaders actively participated in other

revolutions. Providing advice and encouragement to each other, closely connected. The Atlantic was

were "world of Ideas" were exchanged and debated importantly. It was more seen as a culture for the

community because can be improve by economically speaking, food, and politics. Liberty and

equality were the main topics for their society, yes there was some exclusion. While they were

thinking that their Atlantic politics and events were local it made a huge impact globally. They were

setting the terms and parameters of political debates well into the 20th century, specifically

abolitionism, nationalism, and feminism. Mainly on constitutions, representative governments and

basic human rights made a human impact till this day.

Foundress

Daniel Guerrero

Professor Patricia Andrews, MA

02/06/19

Foundress Week

The University was founded by two sisters of Notre Dame de Namur who came from Namur, 

Belgium. The sisters had a mission of expanding access to education, for women. These sisters 

names were Julie and Francoise. Notre Dame de Namur University was founded by the Sisters of 

Notre Dame de Namur in 1851 in Santa Clara Valley. I learned that the school was chartered in 1868 

as the College of Notre Dame. It was known as the first college in the state of California authorized 

to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. In 1922, the sisters purchased Ralston Hall. In the year 

1923, Notre Dame de Namur officially opened doors in Belmont, California. Originally the school 

started off as a all girl school. That changed in the year 1967, the College of Notre Dame de Namur 

became coeducational. In the year 1970 the first three men graduated from the college. In 2001, the 

College of Notre Dame changed its name officially as Notre Dame de Namur University. This 

university is well known for the recognition of being a Hispanic serving institution. The university 

kept growing overtime. From reading and understanding what the sisters of Notre Dame did, just has 

a rich history for our university. People with so much humbleness and having a passion for education 

is just a priceless moment. I did not do anything during the Foundress Week activity at my school 

because unfortunately I did not have time at all. Practice got in the way and so did other classes. But 

learning the history of my university made me realize that I am in a special place. 

                                                                          Works Cited                                                                        “Notre Dame De Namur University.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Feb. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Namur_University.